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Manganese Carbonate

      Manganese carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula MnCO3. Manganese carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral rhodochrosite. Approximately 20,000 metric tonnes were produced in 2005.
 
Production and Usage
Treatment of aqueous solutions of manganese (II) salts with alkali metal carbonates leads to precipitation of this faintly pink solid. The carbonate is insoluble in water but, like most carbonates, hydrolyses upon treatment with acids to give water-soluble salts.
 
Manganese carbonate decomposes with release of carbon dioxide at 200 °C to give manganese (II) oxide: MnCO3 → MnO + CO2
 
This method is sometimes employed in the production of manganese dioxide for dry-cell batteries and for ferrites.
 
Manganese carbonate is widely used as an additive to plant fertilizers to cure manganese deficient crops. It is also used in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.
 
Toxicity
Manganese is essential for aerobic life and its compounds are not highly toxic. Manganese poisoning, also known as manganism, may be caused by long-term exposure to manganese dust or fumes.
 
The total reserves of manganese ore is more then 6 billion mt in the whole world. Countries abundant in manganese ores in the world are: South Africa, Ukraine, Gabon, Australia, Brazil, Georgia and India. The basic reserve in China reaches 0.56 billion mt in 2004 with a very lw average grade of 21%. It mainly distributes in Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan.
 
Australian Mn
Specification
Fines/Lump
Fines/Lump
Fines/Lump
Mn
48-50
42-45
48-50
Fe
3-4
3-6
3-6
SiO2
10-13
8-10
5-7.5
Al2O3
1
1
3-6
P
0.03-0.05
0.03-0.05
0.09
CaO
Na
Na
na
MgO
Na
Na
Na
Granularity
6.5-50 (85%)
6.5-50 (85%)
6.7-75 (85%)
Moisture
5
5
5
 
Gabonese Mn
Specification
Fines
Lump
Mn
44-46
45-46
Fe
3-6
4.5-6
SiO2
6-8
7.5-8
Al2O3
6-8.5
7-7.5
P
0.09-0.12
0.095
CaO
Na
Na
MgO
Na
0.08
Granularity
2-10 (85%)
6-60 (80%)
Moisture
8
-
 
Brazilian Mn
Specification
Fines
Lump
Mn
43-44.5
44-46
Fe
5.4-7
8-10
SiO2
4.3-5.1
6-8.5
Al2O3
9-11
1-2
P
0.09-0.11
0.09-0.11
CaO
0.25-0.3
0.25-0.3
MgO
0.4-0.45
0.4-0.45
Granularity
0.15-6.35 (80%)
6.35-76.1 (80%)
Moisture
12-17
12-15
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